Global internet slows after 'biggest attack in history'

The internet around the world has been slowed down in what security experts are describing as the biggest cyber-attack of its kind in history.

A row between a spam-fighting group and hosting firm has sparked retaliation attacks affecting the wider internet.

It is having an impact on popular services like Netflix - and experts worry it could escalate to affect banking and email systems.

Five national cyber-police-forces are investigating the attacks.

Spamhaus, a group based in both London and Geneva, is a non-profit organization that aims to help email providers filter out spam and other unwanted content.

To do this, the group maintains a number of blacklists - a database of servers known to be being used for malicious purposes.

Recently, Spamhaus blocked servers maintained by Cyberbunker, a Dutch web host that states it will host anything with the exception of child pornography or terrorism-related material.

Sven Olaf Kamphuis, who claims to be a spokesman for Cyberbunker, said, in a message, that Spamhaus was abusing its position, and should not be allowed to decide "what goes and does not go on the internet".

Spamhaus has alleged that Cyberbunker, in cooperation with "criminal gangs" from Eastern Europe and Russia, is behind the attack.

Cyberbunker has not responded to the BBC's request for comment.

'Immense job'

Steve Linford, chief executive for Spamhaus, told the BBC the scale of the attack was unprecedented.

"We've been under this cyber-attack for well over a week.

'Decapitating the internet'

Writing exactly one year ago for the BBC, Prof Alan Woodward predicted the inherent weaknesses in the web's domain name system.

He wrote: "It is essentially the phone book for the internet. If you could prevent access to the phone book then you would effectively render the web useless."

Read Prof Woodward's full article

"But we're up - they haven't been able to knock us down. Our engineers are doing an immense job in keeping it up - this sort of attack would take down pretty much anything else."

MR Linford told the BBC that the attack was being investigated by five different national cyber-police-forces around the world.

He claimed he was unable to disclose more details because the forces were concerned that they too may suffer attacks on their own infrastructure.

The attackers have used a tactic known as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), which floods the intended target with large amounts of traffic in an attempt to render it unreachable.

In this case, Spamhaus's Domain Name System (DNS) servers were targeted - the infrastructure that joins domain names, such as bbc.co.uk, the website's numerical internet protocol address.

MR Linford said the attack's power would be strong enough to take down government internet infrastructure.

"If you aimed this at Downing Street they would be down instantly," he said. "They would be completely off the internet."

He added: "These attacks are peaking at 300 Gbps (gigabits per second).

"Normally when there are attacks against major banks, we're talking about 50 Gbps"

Clogged-up motorway

The knock-on effect is hurting internet services globally, said Prof Alan Woodward, a cybersecurity expert at the University of Surrey.

"If you imagine it as a motorway, attacks try and put enough traffic on there to clog up the on and off ramps," he told the BBC.

"With this attack, there's so much traffic it's clogging up the motorway itself."

Arbor Networks, a firm which specializes in protecting against DDoS attacks, also said it was the biggest such attack they had seen.

"The largest DDoS attack that we have witnessed prior to this was in 2010, which was 100 Gbps. Obviously the jump from 100 to 300 is pretty massive," said Dan Holden, the company's director of security research.

"There's certainly possibility for some collateral damage to other services along the way, depending on what that infrastructure looks like."

Spamhaus said it was able to cope as it has highly distributed infrastructure in a number of countries.

The group is supported by many of the world's largest internet companies who rely on it to filter unwanted material.

MR Linford told the BBC that several companies, such as Google, had made their resources available to help "absorb all of this traffic".

The attacks typically happened in intermittent bursts of high activity.

"They are targeting every part of the internet infrastructure that they feel can be brought down," MR Linford said.

"Spamhaus has more than 80 servers around the world. We've built the biggest DNS server around."

Interesting Facts About Divorce

Only one U.S President is known to have been divorced: Ronald Reagan.
In New York and Mississippi, a spouse can sue a third party for being responsible for the failure of a marriage in cases of what’s called “alienation of affection.”
It’s a law in Wichita, Kansas, that if a man mistreats his mother-in-law, it cannot be used as grounds for a divorce.
In 2012, an Italian man brought his mother along on his honeymoon. His new bride asked for a divorce three weeks later.
In 2008, a woman asked for a divorce from her husband after his prosthetic penis extension snapped off during sex.
The world’s oldest divorcées are a 99-year-old Italian man and his 96-year-old (ex) wife. He divorced her after 60 years of marriage when he found love letters she had written to her lover in the 1940s. They married in 1934 and divorced in 2011.
In America, the divorce rate peaked at 50% in the 1980s. While the national divorce has declined, a first marriage is still between 40-50% likely to end in divorce.

A marriage is more likely to end in divorce if one partner smokes

According to U.S. statistics, if one partner smokes, a marriage is 75% more likely to end in divorce.
Research shows that couples in Republican states are 27% more likely to divorce than couples in Democratic states. Couples in Republican states have historically married younger than their Democratic counterparts.
The most commonly cited statistic states that one in every four families will face divorce. More than one million people have parents who separate or divorce each year in the U.S.
In ancient Chaldea, a man could get a divorce by writing a letter to his wife’s father or by saying “Thou are not my wife.” However, if the wife ever said, “Thou are not my husband,” she would be immediately drowned.
In some Native American tribes, if a man left his wife without a serious reason, he was not allowed to remain a member of the tribe. Many tribes did not allow a man to separate from his wife if they had children together. The Aztecs were never permitted to divorce.
In the Aleutian Islands, if a man grew tired of his wife, he would barter her for food or clothes.
According to U.S. statistics, if there is daughter and no son in a marriage, the union is 5% more likely to end.
The history of divorce is in large part a history of abandoning Catholic teaching on marriage as developed in the 13th century. Simply put, the Catholic Church’s position stated that divorce was forbidden because a validly contracted Christian marriage could be dissolved only by the death of a husband or wife.
While historically the Catholic Church forbade divorce, the Pauline Privilege (found in 1 Cor. 1:15) states that remarriage by a Christian is allowed if a Christian spouse had been deserted by his or her non-Christian spouse. A second potential exception is if a marriage had not been sexually consummated and either the husband or wife wanted to enter a religious order. In both of these instances, divorce may be granted in “favor of the faith.”
While the Roman Catholic Church historically banned divorce, Jewish and Roman law at the beginning of the Christian era were more lenient. Jewish law gave the husband extensive authority to divorce his wife if she “found no favor in his eyes, because he hath found some uncleanness in her.” Jewish law also gave women more rights in initiating divorce.

Divorce is illegal in the Philippines

In the Philippines, divorce is illegal. Any divorce that is conducted outside the country is not recognized within the Philippines.
Burgundian law declared that a woman who tried to divorce her husband should be smothered in a mire.
Divorce is illegal in Malta, a country that is controlled by the Vatican. It is one of the three countries in the world (all Catholic) where divorce is illegal, even if the marriage is not a Catholic marriage.
The 5th Texas Court of Appeals recently ruled that same-sex couples who legally marry in other states cannot divorce in Texas.
In ancient Rome, a couple could divorce just by declaring their intent not to live together in front of seven witnesses. Divorce was common, especially in the upper classes, and a divorced woman could receive her dowry back in full. She could also regain her independence upon a divorce. However, a woman found guilty of adultery would receive just half of her dowry. The law did not recognize adultery by husbands.
Couples with children have a slightly lower divorce rate than couples without children.

The divorce rate in America is around 41%

In America, the divorce rate for a first marriage is around 41%. The divorce rate for a second marriage is 60%. The divorce rate for a third marriage is 73%.
The average length of divorce proceedings in the United States is 1 year.
The mean age of a woman for a first divorce is 29 years old. For males in a first marriage, it is 30.5. For a second marriage, the mean age for women is 37 years. For men in a second marriage, it is 39.3 years.
Women on average wait 3.1 years to remarry after a divorce. Men wait 3.3 years.
According to the Defense Department, the divorce rate of military couples rose form 2.6% in 2001 to 3.7% in 2011. The Air Force has the highest rate of divorce out of all the services.
The divorce rate for couples over 65 years old has doubled since 1980.
Western states typically have the highest marriage and divorce rates, followed by the South. The Northeast has the lowest marriage and divorce rates.
According to 2012 U.S. Census Bureau statistics, New Jersey has the lowest divorce rate. New York, Connecticut, Delaware, and Massachusetts round out the top five lowest rates. The East coast in general has a divorce rate of less than 12%.
According to 2012 U.S. Census Bureau statistics, Nevada has the highest rate of divorce at 14.7%. Wyoming, Florida, Kentucky, and Tennessee all have rates of divorce over 13.%.

Certain factors decrease the risk of divorce

Marriages are more likely to last longer when people marry at an older age, have a higher education, and earn more money.
According to a recent study, dancers and choreographers reported the highest divorce rates (43.1%), followed by bartenders (38.4%), and massage therapists (38.2%). Rounding out the top 10 were casino workers, telephone operators, nurses, and home health aides.
The 10 occupations with the lowest divorce rates are agricultural engineers, salespeople, and nuclear engineers, optometrists (4%), clergy (5.6%), and podiatrists (6.8%).
A marriage in which a woman is two or more years older than her husband is 53% more likely to end in divorce than if the husband were three or more years older or only one year younger.
Women who have been diagnosed with cervical cancer are more likely to divorce, by 40%. If a man is diagnosed with testicular cancer, the marriage is 20% more likely to divorce. On contrast, breast cancer survivors are 8% less likely to divorce than women who have not had breast cancer.
Having twins or triplets increases the risk of divorce by 17%.
In Japan, visitors can write their divorce wishes on a piece of paper and flush them down the toilet in the Mantokuji Temple. The temple was traditionally a refuge for women seeking to escape an unhappy marriage.
After the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan, the country experienced an increase of divorces and divorce ceremonies.
In China, when couples of the Jing people divorce, they throw away the pen and ink stone used to sign the divorce papers because they believe they contain bad luck.
Islam has traditionally allowed divorce, which is referred to as talaq. However, it is considered the worst of all lawful things in the sight of Allah. The rates of divorce were higher in the medieval Islamic world and Ottoman Empire than they are in the modern Middle East, which typically has low rates of divorce.

One partner's weight gain can increase the risk of divorce

Experts note that if a spouse has gained more than 20% of his or her body weight, divorce is more likely.
The top five reasons for divorce in the U.S. include 1) communication problems; 2) infidelity or betrayal; 3) financial problems; 4) psychological, emotional, and physical abuse; and 5) loss of interest.
Contrary to popular belief, premarital cohabitation does not increase a couple’s divorce risk—if the couple intends to get married.
White women who marry outside their race are more likely to divorce than other ethnic groups. Mixed marriages involving blacks and whites were the least stable interracial marriage, followed by Hispanic-white couples.
Children of divorced parents are twice as likely to drop out of high school and less likely to attend college.
First marriages that end in divorce usually last approximately 8 years.
Divorced men are at an especially high risk of alcohol abuse. In contrast, divorced women’s alcohol consumption falls sharply after a divorce.
Approximately 6% of American couples marry, divorce, and then remarry each other.
In 2/3 of all American divorces, it’s the woman who files for divorce. Additionally, while men are financially better off than women after a divorce, they are more likely to suffer more emotionally.

Asian women on average stay married longer

Asian women are the most likely to be in a first marriage that lasts over 20 years. The CDC concludes that 70% of Asian women are still in their first marriage, compared to 54 % of white women, 53% of Hispanic women, and 37 % of black women.
Some researchers note that men are eight times more likely than divorced women to commit suicide. They are also twice as likely to suffer depression and heart attacks.

The top six signs of an impending divorce include 1) dreaming of life without the spouse; 2) the bad in the marriage outweighs the good; 3) lack of communication; 4) engaging negative defense mechanisms, such as becoming overly defensive and dismissive; 5) a spouse feels like he or she is the only one trying to solve problems; and 6) the couple rarely, if ever has sex.

Global Divorce Statistics

Rank	Country	Amount per 1,000 People
1	United States	4.95
2	Puerto Rico	4.47
3	Russia	3.36
4	United Kingdom	3.08
5	Denmark	2.81
6	New Zealand	2.64
7	Australia	2.52
8	Canada	2.46
9	Finland	1.85
10	Barbados	1.21

Divorce Statistics and Religion

Religion	% of Membership Divorced
Nondenominational	34
Jews	30
Baptist	29
Episcopal	28
Pentecostal	28
Methodist	26
Mormons	24
Presbyterian	23
Catholic	21
Lutheran	21
Atheist/Agnostic	21

The Most Expensive Divorces around the World

1. Rupert and Anna Murdoch, Australian media mogul (1999)

$1.7 billion

2. Bernie and Slavica Ecclestone, business magnage (2009)

$1-1.2 billion

3. Adnan and Soraya Khashoggi, Saudi billionaire and arms dealer (1974)

$874 million

4. Craig and Wendy McCaw, founder of McCaw Cellular (1997)

$460 million

5. Mel and Robyn Gibson, actor (2011)

$425 million

6. Robert and Sheila Johnson, co-founder of BET and America’s first African-American billionaire (2000)

$400 million

7. Arnold Schwarzenegger and Maria Shriver, actor/politician, media (2011)

$250-$375 million

8. Roman and Irina Abramovich, Russian main owner of Millhouse LLC (2007)

$300 million

9. Michael and Maya Polsky, founder, president and CEO of Invenergy LLC33 (2003)

$184 million

10. Michael and Juanita Jordan, basketball player (2006)

$168 million

11. Samathur Li Kin-kan and Florence Tsang Chiu-wing, heir to a Hong Kong real estate fortune (2011)

$154 million

12. Neil Diamond and Marcia Murphy, musician (1995)

$150 million

13. Frank and Jamie McCourt, former owner of the Los Angeles Dodgers (2011)

$131 million

14. Tiger Woods and Elin Nordegren, golfer (2009)

$100-$110 million

15. Greg Norman and Laura Andrassy, golfer (2006)

$103 million

THE FACT WORLD

Thursday, 28 March 2013